False consciousness is a term used by Karl Marx to describe an attitude held by members of a class, particularly the proletariat, that does not accurately reflect its objective position within the capitalist system and instead serves the interests of the ruling class (bourgeoisie). This false understanding prevents the working class from recognizing their own exploitation and their shared interests in overthrowing capitalism. Instead, they may adopt the values and beliefs of the bourgeoisie, seeing the existing social order as legitimate or even in their own best interest. Factors contributing to false consciousness can include the influence of ideology disseminated through media, religion, and the education system, which can mask the underlying power dynamics and inequalities of capitalist society. Overcoming false consciousness and developing class consciousness, an awareness of their shared exploitation and the need for collective action, is a crucial step in Marx's theory of social change.