Post-Fordism is a general term used to describe the transition from mass industrial production, which was characterised by Fordist methods of standardised production, assembly lines, and economies of scale, to more flexible and diversified forms of production that favour innovation, cater to niche markets, and are aimed at meeting increasingly differentiated market demands for customised and higher-quality products. This shift, which began in the late 20th century, is associated with advancements in technology, such as automation and computerisation, as well as changes in consumer preferences and global economic competition. Post-Fordist production systems often involve greater flexibility in production processes, the use of advanced technologies to allow for product variation, a more skilled and adaptable workforce, and a focus on quality and innovation rather than just mass quantity.