Rationality, in a sociological context, refers to deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient means to accomplish a particular goal or achieve a desired outcome, often involving logical thinking, systematic planning, and the careful consideration of costs and benefits. It emphasises the use of reason and logic to make decisions and solve problems, prioritizing efficiency and effectiveness in achieving specific objectives. Max Weber distinguished between different types of rationality, including instrumental rationality (focused on the efficient pursuit of goals), value rationality (guided by ethical or moral beliefs), traditional rationality (based on customs and habits), and affectual rationality (driven by emotions). The increasing dominance of instrumental rationality is a key aspect of Weber's theory of the rationalisation of society.