Primary socialisation is the fundamental process by which children learn the basic cultural norms, values, beliefs, language, and behaviours of the society into which they are born, primarily occurring within the family and close-knit social environments during their early years. Through interaction with primary caregivers and other close family members, children develop their initial sense of self, learn how to communicate, and internalise the foundational norms and expectations of their culture, which are essential for functioning within that society. This stage of socialisation lays the groundwork for future learning and social development.