Gender refers to the social expectations about behaviour that are regarded as appropriate for the members of each sex within a given culture. It is crucial to understand that gender does not primarily refer to the physical attributes that differentiate men and women biologically (sex), but rather to the socially formed traits of masculinity and femininity, which are learned through socialisation and vary across cultures and time periods. Gender encompasses the roles, norms, and identities that a society assigns to individuals based on their sex, influencing how they are expected to behave, interact, and present themselves. These social expectations shape everything from clothing and hairstyles to occupations and emotional expressions, and they play a significant role in structuring social relationships and hierarchies.