Urban ecology is a subfield within sociology that focuses on the study of the intricate link and dynamic interrelationships between the physical and social dimensions of cities, examining how the spatial organisation, physical environment, and material infrastructure of urban areas shape social life, human behaviour, and community dynamics, and vice versa. It explores topics such as the distribution of populations, resources, and social problems within urban spaces, the impact of urban design and planning on social interactions, the relationship between urban environments and human health, and the processes of urban growth, change, and sustainability. Drawing on ecological principles, urban ecology views the city as a complex ecosystem where social and physical factors are interdependent and constantly interacting to shape the urban experience.