Cybercrime refers to criminal activities carried out by means of electronic networks, primarily the internet, or involving the use of new information technologies such as computers and mobile devices. These crimes exploit the digital realm to commit offenses that can range from individual acts to large-scale organised operations. Emergent forms of cybercrime include electronic money laundering, which involves concealing the origins of illegally obtained money through digital transactions; personal identity theft, where an individual's personal information is stolen and used for fraudulent purposes; electronic vandalism, which involves damaging or disrupting computer systems or data; and the monitoring of electronic correspondence, such as hacking into email accounts or intercepting online communications. Other common types of cybercrime include phishing scams, malware attacks, denial-of-service attacks, and the distribution of illegal content. The borderless nature of cyberspace makes cybercrime particularly challenging to investigate and prosecute, often requiring international cooperation among law enforcement agencies. The increasing reliance on digital technologies in all aspects of life has made cybercrime a significant and growing concern for individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide.