Mass production is a system of manufacturing that involves the production of large quantities of standardised goods using machine power, specialised labor performing repetitive tasks, and often an assembly-line process. This method of production was a key outcome of the Industrial Revolution, particularly associated with the Fordist era of the early to mid-20th century, and it led to significant increases in efficiency and the availability of affordable consumer goods. Mass production relies on a high degree of division of labor and the use of interchangeable parts to streamline the manufacturing process. While it has been instrumental in driving economic growth and raising living standards, it has also been criticised for its potential to create monotonous and alienating work for employees and for its lack of flexibility in responding to diverse consumer demands. More recent trends in manufacturing include flexible production, which allows for greater customisation and variety.