Theories of Deviance is a crucial sub-category within the broader study of deviance and social control, encompassing various theoretical frameworks that attempt to explain why individuals or groups violate social norms, rules, or laws, and how such norm-breaking behaviour emerges and is sustained in society. This domain includes micro-level theories focusing on individual-level factors and learning processes, such as differential association theory (deviance learned through social interaction) and control theory (deviance prevented by social bonds). It also covers macro-level theories that examine how societal structures and processes contribute to deviance, including anomie theory (strain from mismatch between goals and means), labeling theory (deviance as a social construct through societal reaction), and routine activities theory (convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and lack of guardianship). These diverse theoretical approaches offer different lenses through which to analyse the causes, patterns, and social consequences of deviant behaviour in various social contexts.