Migration refers to the movement of people into and out of a particular territory, which can occur within a country (internal migration) or across national borders (international migration). This movement can be temporary or permanent and can be driven by a variety of factors, including economic opportunities, political instability, environmental changes, social networks, and personal aspirations. Immigration involves the movement of people into a new country to settle, while emigration refers to the movement of people out of a country to live elsewhere. Migration patterns can have significant demographic, economic, social, and cultural impacts on both the areas of origin and the areas of destination, influencing population size and composition, labor markets, cultural diversity, and social integration. Sociologists study migration to understand its causes and consequences, the experiences of migrants, and the policies and social responses to migration flows.