Affirmative action refers to actions favouring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, representing positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. It aims to increase the representation of groups historically excluded from areas like employment and education. Unlike equal opportunity, which is passive, affirmative action is proactive, involving measures to avert discrimination. Policies may include preferential selection and monitoring workforce composition. Originating in the 1960s, affirmative action seeks to remedy past and present discrimination and promote diversity. However, it has faced debate, with opponents arguing it constitutes reverse discrimination, while proponents emphasise its necessity for addressing ongoing inequalities and fostering inclusion. The legal landscape surrounding affirmative action is complex and has evolved over time.