Conflict theories represent a sociological perspective that focuses on the inherent tensions, divisions, and competing interests present in human societies. Unlike functionalist perspectives that emphasise social harmony, conflict theorists believe that the scarcity and value of resources in society inevitably produce conflict as different groups struggle to gain access to and control those resources. These resources can include wealth, power, status, and opportunities. Many conflict theorists have been strongly influenced by the writings of Karl Marx, who emphasised class conflict as the primary driver of social change. However, contemporary conflict theories also examine other sources of conflict, such as those based on race, ethnicity, gender, age, and sexual orientation. This perspective views social order as often maintained by the dominance of certain groups over others, with dominant groups using their power to protect their interests and maintain the existing social hierarchy. Social change, from this viewpoint, often occurs through the struggles and conflicts between these competing groups as they challenge existing power structures.