Mortality rate refers to the incidence of death in a given population during a specific period of time, typically one year, and is often expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 or 100,000 people in the population. It is a fundamental demographic indicator used to assess the health status of a population, track changes in death patterns over time, and make comparisons across different groups or regions. Mortality rates can be influenced by a wide range of factors, including age structure of the population, prevalence of diseases, access to healthcare, nutritional levels, environmental conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Specific mortality rates can be calculated for different age groups, sexes, or causes of death to provide more detailed insights into the patterns of mortality within a population. The crude death rate, which measures the total number of deaths in a year per 1,000 population, is a basic but widely used measure of mortality.