A random sample is a subset of individuals or cases selected from a larger population for research purposes, where every member of the entire population has an equal chance of being selected into the sample. This method of sampling aims to create a sample that is representative of the population from which it is drawn, allowing researchers to generalise their findings from the sample to the larger population with a certain degree of confidence. Achieving a truly random sample requires a well-defined population and a method of selection that ensures every member has an equal and independent probability of being included, such as using a random number generator or drawing names from a complete list of the population.