Informal relations refer to the personal connections, social networks, and ways of doing things that exist within groups and organisations but are developed on the basis of personal friendships, shared interests, and informal communication, often departing from formally recognised modes of procedure or organisational charts. These informal structures and relationships can significantly influence how work gets done, how information flows, and the overall culture and dynamics of a group or organisation. They can provide social support, facilitate cooperation, and sometimes bypass formal channels to achieve goals more efficiently or to address needs that are not met by the formal structure. However, informal relations can also sometimes lead to the formation of cliques, the spread of rumors, or resistance to formal rules and procedures. Understanding both the formal and informal aspects of social organisation is crucial for a comprehensive sociological analysis of groups and institutions.