Demographic transition is an interpretation of population change, which holds that a stable ratio of births to deaths is achieved once a certain level of economic prosperity and modernisation has been reached. This process involves a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a society develops economically and socially. The transition typically occurs in stages, as described in the demographic transition theory, moving from a period of high fertility and mortality to one of low fertility and mortality, with a period of rapid population growth in between when death rates decline before birth rates do. The end result is a stabilisation of the population at a new size, often larger than the pre-transition level, with a different age structure. Factors contributing to this transition include improvements in healthcare, sanitation, education, and changes in cultural norms and values related to family size. Understanding the demographic transition is crucial for analysing population trends, planning for resource allocation, and addressing social and economic challenges associated with population change.