Social_Conflict_And_Inequality_Theory represent perspectives that emphasise tensions, power struggles, and systematic inequalities as fundamental features of social organisation. These theories reject harmonious views of society, instead highlighting how competing groups struggle over scarce resources, power, and status. Marxist and exploitation theories focus specifically on class-based conflicts within capitalist systems, examining how economic structures create and perpetuate inequality. Conflict perspectives extend beyond class to include racial, ethnic, gender, and other forms of social stratification. Contact hypothesis addresses intergroup relations and prejudice reduction, while new urban sociology examines how global forces create spatial inequalities in cities. These theories share the assumption that social change occurs through struggle and conflict rather than gradual adaptation, viewing inequality and competition as driving forces in social development. They emphasise how dominant groups maintain power and how subordinated groups challenge existing hierarchies.