The infant mortality rate is a key demographic indicator that measures the number of infants who die during the first year of life (before reaching their first birthday) for every 1,000 live births in a given population during a specific time period, typically one year. It is a significant measure of a society's overall health and well-being, reflecting factors such as access to quality healthcare, nutrition, sanitation, and socioeconomic conditions. A high infant mortality rate often indicates poor living conditions, inadequate healthcare, and high levels of poverty, while a low rate generally suggests better health infrastructure, nutrition, and socioeconomic development. Monitoring infant mortality rates is crucial for public health efforts aimed at improving child survival and overall population health.