Social Solidarity refers to the bonds of unity, cohesion, and mutual support that hold members of a social group or society together, creating a sense of shared identity and collective belonging. Émile Durkheim, a foundational sociologist, distinguished two primary forms: Mechanical Solidarity, found in traditional, homogeneous societies, based on the likeness of individuals and a strong collective consciousness (shared values and beliefs). Organic Solidarity, characteristic of modern, complex societies, arises from the interdependence of individuals due to a highly specialised division of labor, where people rely on each other's specialised skills and contributions. Social solidarity is crucial for maintaining social order, stability, and cooperation, as it fosters trust, reciprocity, and a collective commitment to the group's well-being. A breakdown in social solidarity can lead to social disorganisation, anomie, and increased conflict within a society.