Labeling theory is a sociological approach to understanding deviance that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed and treated as deviants while others engaging in the same behaviour are not. This theory emphasises the role of social reaction and the application of labels in the creation of deviance. It suggests that deviance is not inherent in an act itself but rather is a social construct defined by how society responds to certain behaviours and individuals. When individuals are labeled as deviant by political authorities or other influential groups, this label can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, leading to further deviant behaviour as the labeled individuals internalise the label and are treated accordingly by others. Labeling theory highlights the power of social definitions and the consequences of being labeled as deviant for an individual's identity and life chances.