Disengagement theory is a functionalist theory of aging introduced by Cumming and Henry that contends that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships as the individual approaches death. This theory suggests that this mutual withdrawal is a natural and inevitable process that benefits both the individual and society. For the aging individual, disengagement allows for a peaceful transition out of social roles and responsibilities, reducing stress and providing time for introspection. For society, the disengagement of older individuals allows younger generations to take over positions of power and responsibility, ensuring social continuity and preventing disruption caused by the potential incapacity or death of older members in key roles. This theory has faced criticism for its assumption that disengagement is always functional and beneficial, as many older adults remain active and engaged in society and may experience negative consequences from forced or unwanted social withdrawal, such as loneliness and a decline in well-being. Alternative theories of aging emphasise the importance of continued social engagement and activity for maintaining health and life satisfaction in later years.