Migration Processes refer to the complex and dynamic movements of people into and out of specific geographical territories, encompassing the various factors that influence these population shifts, the patterns they exhibit, and their profound impacts on both the sending and receiving societies. This category examines the reasons why people migrate, often broadly categorised as "push factors" (e.g., unemployment, conflict, persecution in the country of origin) and "pull factors" (e.g., economic opportunities, political freedom, family reunification in the destination country). It also includes different types of migration (e.g., immigration, emigration, forced migration, voluntary migration) and the experiences of migrants and refugees. Understanding migration processes is crucial for demographers and sociologists to analyse population changes, cultural diversity, labor market dynamics, and the social integration or exclusion of migrant populations, as well as the long-term historical and geopolitical consequences of such movements across borders.