Qualitative research is a research approach that primarily relies on data that is not numerical and often involves studying social phenomena in their natural settings or "in the field" rather than in controlled laboratory environments. This type of research seeks to understand the qualities, characteristics, and meanings of social phenomena through methods such as observation, interviews, and the analysis of texts or artifacts. The focus is often on exploring the depth and complexity of experiences, perspectives, and social processes, rather than on quantifying them through statistical data. Qualitative research aims to provide rich, descriptive insights into the social world and the ways in which people interpret and make sense of their experiences.