Latent functions are the unintended or unrecognised functional consequences of a social process, institution, or action that are not explicitly stated or consciously intended by the people involved. This concept, developed by sociologist Robert Merton, contrasts with manifest functions, which are the intended and recognised consequences. Latent functions can be either beneficial or harmful to the social system but are often hidden or less obvious. For example, while the manifest function of schools is to educate students, a latent function might be the development of social networks among students that can be beneficial later in life. Understanding latent functions helps sociologists to gain a more comprehensive analysis of the complexities of social phenomena and the often-unanticipated ways in which they affect society.