Homophobia refers to the fear of and prejudice against homosexuality, as well as individuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. It encompasses a range of negative attitudes, beliefs, and discriminatory behaviours directed towards homosexual people, often rooted in societal norms, religious beliefs, and misconceptions about sexual orientation. Homophobia can manifest in various forms, from subtle expressions of disapproval or discomfort to overt acts of discrimination, harassment, and violence. It can have significant negative impacts on the mental health, social well-being, and safety of LGBTQ+ individuals, leading to feelings of isolation, anxiety, and fear. Challenging homophobia involves promoting understanding, acceptance, and equality for all individuals regardless of their sexual orientation through education, advocacy, and legal protections.