Mass media refers to forms of communication, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, films, and the internet, that are designed to reach and influence very large audiences, often simultaneously. These media play a significant role in shaping public opinion, disseminating information, transmitting cultural values and norms, and providing entertainment. The development and widespread availability of mass media have had a profound impact on society, influencing everything from political campaigns and consumer behaviour to popular culture and social movements. Sociologists study mass media to understand its effects on individuals and society, including issues related to media ownership, content, audience reception, and the role of media in shaping social identities and perceptions of reality. The rise of digital and social media has further transformed the landscape of mass communication, creating new opportunities and challenges for how information is produced, distributed, and consumed.