Anomie is a sociological concept, primarily associated with Emile Durkheim, that describes a state of normlessness or social disorganisation within a society or a social group. It occurs when there is a breakdown or absence of clear moral guidelines, social norms, and shared values, leading to a sense of confusion, disorientation, and lack of social regulation among individuals. Durkheim argued that rapid social change, such as industrialisation or economic crises, can disrupt traditional social bonds and norms, thereby contributing to anomie. When individuals experience anomie, they may feel disconnected from society, lack a sense of purpose, and be unsure of what behaviours are expected or appropriate. This state can lead to various negative consequences, including increased rates of deviance, crime, despair, and suicide, as individuals struggle to find meaning and direction in a deregulated social environment. Robert Merton later expanded on the concept, applying it to the strain individuals feel when culturally prescribed goals are not attainable through legitimate means.